Note:中文翻译为有道机器翻译，非人工翻译。
Some electronic energy meters can give false
readings that are up to 582% higher than actual energy consumption.一些电子能量表可以给出比实际能耗高582%的虚假读数。
This emerged from a study carried out by the
University of Twente (UT), in collaboration with the Amsterdam University of
Applied Sciences (AUAS). Professor Frank Leferink of the UT estimates that
potentially inaccurate meters have been installed in the meter cabinets of at
least 750,000 Dutch households. The is published in the scientific journal
‘IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Magazine’. 这是由特恩特大学(UT)与阿姆斯特丹大学应用科学学院(AUAS)合作完成的。UT的Frank
Leferink教授估计，至少有75万荷兰家庭的仪表柜安装了可能不准确的仪表。这篇文章发表在科学期刊IEEE电磁兼容杂志上。
In the Netherlands, traditional energy meters
(kWh) – the familiar energy meter with a rotating disc – are being increasingly
replaced by electronic variants (which are also known as ‘static energy
meters’). One well-known variant of the latter is the ‘smart meter’. The Dutch
government wants smart meters in every household by 2020.
在荷兰，传统的能源计量表(kWh)——与旋转圆盘相似的能量计——正被越来越多的电子变体所取代(也被称为“静态能量计”)。后者的一个众所周知的变体是“智能表”。荷兰政府希望到2020年每个家庭都能有智能电表。
ACTUAL
CONSUMPTION 实际消费
For quite some time now, rumours have been
rife about electronic energy meters that give excessively high readings in
practice. This prompted Prof. Leferink to investigate electronic meters, to see
whether they can indeed give false readings. Together with co-workers Cees
Keyer and Anton Melentjev from AUAS, he tested nine different electronic meters
in this study. The meters in question were manufactured between 2004 and 2014.
The meters were connected, via an electric switchboard, to a range of power-consuming
appliances, such as energy saving light bulbs, heaters, LED bulbs and dimmers.
The researchers then compared the actual consumption of the system with the
electronic energy meter’s readings.
在相当长的一段时间里，有关电子能源的谣言盛行，在实践中给出了过高的读数。
这促使利弗林克教授对电子仪器进行调查，以确定他们是否真的能给出错误的读数。
在Cees Keyer和Cees Keyer的同事们的研究中，他在这项研究中测试了9种不同的电子仪器。这些问题是在2004年到2014年间制造的。这些电表通过一个电力配电盘连接到一系列能耗电器，如节能灯泡、加热器、LED灯泡和调光器等。然后，研究人员将该系统的实际消耗量与电子能量计的读数进行了比较。
582 PERCENT 582%
In the experiments (which were entirely
reproducible), five of the nine meters gave readings that were much higher than
the actual amount of power consumed. Indeed, in some setups, these were up to
582 percent higher. Conversely, two of the meters gave readings that were 30
percent lower than the actual amount of power consumed
在实验中(这是完全可再生的)，9米中的5个给出的读数比实际消耗的能量要高得多。
事实上，在某些情况下，这一比例上升了582%。相反地，两米给出的读数比实际消耗的能量低30%。
.
The greatest inaccuracies were seen when
dimmers combined with energy saving light bulbs and LED bulbs were connected to
the system. According to Mr Keyer (lecturer Electrical Engineering at the AUAS
and PhD student at the UT) “OK, these were laboratory tests, but we
deliberately avoided using exceptional conditions. For example, a dimmer and 50
bulbs, while an average household has 47 bulbs.”
最不准确的是当二聚体与节能灯泡和LED灯泡连接到系统时。根据Keyer先生(美国奥斯大学的电气工程和博士生)的说法，“好吧，这些都是实验室测试，但我们刻意避免使用特殊的条件。”例如，一个比较暗的50个灯泡，一个普通家庭有47个灯泡。”
EXPLANATION 解释
The inaccurate readings are attributed to the
energy meter’s design, together with the increasing use of modern (often
energy-efficient) switching devices. Here, the electricity being consumed no
longer has a perfect waveform, instead it acquires an erratic pattern. The
designers of modern energy meters have not made sufficient allowance for
switching devices of this kind.
这些不准确的读数是由于能源表的设计，以及越来越多的现代(通常是节能的)开关设备的使用。在这里，所消耗的电能不再是一个完美的波形，取而代之的是一种不稳定的模式。现代能源计量表的设计者们还没有为这种类型的转换装置提供足够的补贴。
When they dismantled the energy meters tested,
the researchers found that the ones associated with excessively high readings
contained a ‘Rogowski Coil’ while those associated with excessively low
readings contained a ‘Hall Sensor’. Frank Leferink (Professor of
Electromagnetic Compatibility at the UT) points out that “The energy meters we
tested meet all the legal requirements and are certified. These requirements,
however, have not made sufficient allowance for modern switching
devices”.
当他们拆开测试的能量表时，研究人员发现，那些与过高读数相关的数据包含一个“罗洛斯基线圈”，而那些与过低读数相关的人则包含一个“霍尔传感器”。Frank
Leferink(美国犹他州的电磁兼容教授)指出:“我们测试的能源表符合所有的法律要求，并得到了认证。”然而，这些要求并没有给现代开关设备带来足够的补贴。
CONSUMERS 消费者
Any consumers who do not trust their energy
meter can have it tested by an ‘Accredited inspection company’. However, if
this inspection shows that the meter is functioning properly, then the consumer
will have to cover the costs involved. Yet the standardized test does not make
allowance for waveform-contaminating power-consuming appliances. As a result,
according to the researchers, it is an unsuitable method for detecting false
meter readings. Prof. Leferink and Mr Keyer advise any consumers who doubt
their meter readings to contact their supplier, who then will pass the
complaint on to the power grid operator.
任何不相信自己的电表的消费者都可以通过“认证检验公司”进行测试。然而，如果这个检测显示仪表正常运行，那么消费者将不得不支付所涉及的费用。然而，标准化的测试并没有给那些在电子设备上污染电能的电器带来补贴。因此，根据研究人员的说法，这是一种不合适的检测错误仪表读数的方法。Leferink教授和Leferink先生建议任何消费者怀疑他们的仪表读数，与他们的供应商联系，然后他们将把投诉传递给电网运营商。
STUDY 研究
The study, entitled ‘Static Energy Meter
Errors Caused by Conducted Electromagnetic Interference’, are published in the
scientific journal ‘IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Magazine’. The Van
Swinden Laboratory (the Dutch Metrology Institute), which carried out a
countercheck, has confirmed these results. The study was conducted by
Prof. Frank Leferink (Professor of Electromagnetic Compatibility at the
UT), Cees Keyer (lecturer at the AUAS and PhD candidate at the UT), and Anton
Melentjev (at that time, a student at the AUAS).
这项名为“由电磁干扰引起的静电测量误差”的研究发表在科学期刊的IEEE电磁兼容杂志上。范诈骗实验室(荷兰计量研究所)进行了一项反检查，证实了这些结果。这项研究是由弗兰克里弗林克教授(UT的电磁兼容教授)、Anton Melentjev(奥斯特大学的奥斯博士和博士研究生)和Cees
Keyer(当时是奥斯大学的学生)进行的。
